Numerous sensor nodes make up a wireless sensor network, and when an event occurs, these nodes become active transmitters, increasing data flow. Congestion arises as a result of a high data transmission volume and limited bandwidth. This causes packets to be delayed or even dropped, wasting the node's energy. To control traffic at a reasonable level, a congestion control plan is required. The performance metrics, benefits, and drawbacks of cross-layer based techniques, as well as network, transport, and data link layer techniques, are reviewed in this study.