Water pollution is a major problem in every region of the world due to dwindling freshwater reserves and rising wastewater production, which contaminate surface and underground water. Human health, aquatic life, vegetation, and ecological harmony are all seriously threatened by water pollution in India. Despite the proliferation of environmental laws in countries like India that aim to combat this worrying trend, it has only worsened in recent years. In order to present a comprehensive picture and focus the attention of policymakers on the most effective ways to combat water pollution, the authors of this study have used a global perspective with an emphasis on India. The world's fresh water supply is severely threatened by waste water production, which in turn pollutes rivers, lakes, water bodies, and ground water. Human health, aquatic life, vegetation, and ecological equilibrium are all seriously threatened by water pollution in India. Many countries, including India, have passed environmental regulations in an effort to curb this alarming trend, but the problem has only worsened. In order to present a comprehensive picture and focus the attention of policymakers on the most effective ways to combat water pollution, the authors of this study have used a global perspective with an emphasis on India.