Applied Science and Biotechnology Journal for Advanced Research

Flow Analysis of a Couple Stress Fluid Through Porous Media in the Absence of a Pressure Gradient

2025-05-30T11:39:19+0530

This study investigates the steady flow of a chemically reacting couple-stress fluid through a porous medium without an imposed pressure gradient. Using the second law of thermodynamics, we analyze entropy generation and thermal irreversibility in the system. The higher-order differential equations that govern the flow, incorporating couple stresses and porous permeability effects, are non-dimensionalized and simplified to obtain approximate analytical solutions. Key parameters such as the stress parameter of the couple and the permeability of the porous medium are examined to determine their influence on flow behavior and the rates of entropy generation. The results provide insights relevant to the optimization of heat and mass transfer in complex fluid systems with applications in chemical and thermal engineering.

Precision Agriculture 4.0: Integrating Advanced IoT, AI, and Robotics Solutions for Enhanced Yield, Sustainability, and Resource Optimization-Evidence from Agricultural Practices in Syria

2025-05-29T11:29:13+0530

This study investigates the transformative role of Precision Agriculture 4.0 (PA 4.0) in modernizing agricultural systems, with a specific focus on Syria’s unique agronomic and socio-economic context. Precision Agriculture 4.0 represents the convergence of advanced technologies—namely the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and robotics—into a cohesive framework that enables real-time, data-driven farm management. The research explores how these integrated technologies facilitate enhanced spatial and temporal management of agricultural inputs, thereby addressing inefficiencies inherent in traditional farming systems. Key components analyzed include sensor networks for environmental and phenological monitoring, AI-based predictive analytics for optimized decision-making, and autonomous robotic platforms for executing precise agronomic interventions.The study assesses the limitations of legacy agricultural practices in the face of rising global food demand, climate variability, and dwindling natural resources. Within the Syrian context, the paper evaluates the deployment feasibility of PA 4.0 technologies under constraints such as limited infrastructure, political instability, and environmental degradation. Case studies are used to illustrate the empirical impact of PA 4.0 adoption, including improvements in input efficiency, crop yield, and sustainability metrics. The research further examines the structural barriers to adoption—such as digital illiteracy, policy gaps, and financing challenges—while outlining strategic enablers like capacity building, public-private partnerships, and targeted technological interventions. This work contributes to the broader discourse on agricultural modernization by offering a scalable and context-sensitive model for the integration of smart technologies into developing-world farming systems. The findings underscore the potential of PA 4.0 to enhance food security, environmental stewardship, and economic resilience in Syria and comparable regions.

Digital Innovations in Healthcare: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence, IoT, and Big Data Analytics for Personalized Medicine and Improved Patient Outcomes—Insights from the Syrian Healthcare Sector

2025-06-01T10:51:38+0530

This study explores the transformative role of digital innovations—specifically artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analytics—in addressing critical challenges within the Syrian healthcare system, a context defined by limited resources, disrupted infrastructure, and significant healthcare disparities. By integrating these technologies, healthcare delivery can be revolutionized through predictive analytics, remote monitoring, and personalized treatment strategies, thereby enhancing clinical outcomes, operational efficiency, and system resilience. The research investigates the current landscape of digital health adoption in Syria, identifying infrastructural, technical, and policy-related barriers while proposing data-driven frameworks for strategic implementation. Emphasis is placed on how AI-driven diagnostics, IoT-enabled remote care, and analytics-informed decision-making can collectively support evidence-based practices and facilitate the transition towards a patient-centric, precision medicine paradigm. This paper offers targeted insights for policymakers, healthcare providers, and technology developers aiming to modernize healthcare in conflict-affected and resource-constrained environments. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable healthcare transformation, demonstrating the potential of digital technologies to strengthen healthcare infrastructure, foster health equity, and support long-term development goals. Moreover, the paper underscores the necessity of robust data governance, ethical AI frameworks, and cross-sectoral collaboration to ensure equitable and secure deployment of digital health solutions. Ultimately, this research provides a strategic roadmap for harnessing digital innovation to achieve improved healthcare outcomes and resilience in Syria and similar contexts.

Corrosion Mechanism and Mitigation in Batteries: A Review

2025-06-10T12:19:28+0530

Batteries are essential electrochemical components that drive contemporary technologies such as portable electronics, renewable energy sources, and electric cars. However, rust severely impairs battery longevity and performance by causing chemical and electrochemical degradation of electrodes, current collectors, and interfaces. Capacity fading, elevated internal resistance, and possible safety risks including thermal runaway are all consequences of corrosion. This paper examines the basic mechanisms underlying battery corrosion, classifying several forms such as thermal, electrolyte leakage-induced, galvanic corrosion and so on. Furthermore, a thorough analysis is conducted of the variables that affect corrosion, such as temperature, charge-discharge cycles, and electrolyte composition. Advanced diagnostic methods for corrosion monitoring and detection are covered, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Additionally, new approaches to corrosion prevention are examined, such as solid-state electrolytes, improved coatings, and electrolyte additives. Additionally emphasized is the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence in conjunction for predictive maintenance and real-time monitoring. Research and development efforts must focus on addressing battery corrosion since it is essential to enhancing the sustainability, dependability, and efficiency of energy storage technologies.

Small Tractor Drawn Broad Bed Furrow Maker

2025-06-13T13:58:05+0530

During preparation of sowing season, there is an acute shortage of labour, which causes delay in sowing of crop which ultimately results in a reduction in yield Bed making operation is one of the important tillage operations which control water logging problem which reduce the crop yield. There is a need of such machine which overcome the economic constraints of farmer and can perform bed making operation. Another limitation is that about 90 percent of farmers fall in the category of marginal, small and semi-medium land holding. They could not offer heavy price of big tractors and implements. Big tractors operated machineries are not suitable for small and scattered land holdings since it gives low field efficiency in small fields. Field efficiency of Broad bed furrow maker was about 77 %, more than that of manually bed making method. The working of bed making mechanism was satisfactory and desirable height of sowing was obtained.

Performance of Biomass Power Generation System

2025-06-14T11:37:58+0530

The present research work has been carried out on biomass based 10 kW capacity gasifier power generation system installed at College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Agricultural University (Dr. PDKV), Akola Maharashtra, India. The main objectives were to evaluate various costs and benefits involved in the power generation system. The costs of energy per unit were calculated for the first year of operation. The economics of gasifier based power generation system and thereby the feasibility of the system was examined by estimating per unit cost, Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and payback period. The discount cash flow method was used to find out the IRR. In the present analysis, three costs viz. installed capital cost, operation and maintenance cost, and levelised replacement cost were examined for the evaluation of the power generation per unit. Discount rate on investment in case of subsidy (Case I) and in case without subsidy (Case II) for installation cost of system was considered as 12.75 %. The BCR comes in Case I for operating duration of 22 h, 20 h, and 16 h are 1.24, 1.18, and 1.13 respectively. Similarly for Case II BCR comes 1.44, 1.38, and 2.39. The IRR comes in Case I for operating duration of 22 h, 20 h, and 16 h are 26 %, 22 %, and 19 % respectively. Similarly for Case II IRR comes 52%, 44 %, and 39 % for operating duration of 22 h, 20 h, and 16 h respectively. The payback period in the present analysis was worked out. The payback period for biomass based gasifier power generation system were observed to be for Case I from 3 to 4 years and for Case II it was 1 to 2 years.